How does Chicago Style recommend citing content developed or generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT?

Many scholarly publishers require identifying the use of AI tools. They do not permit AI to have “authorship” for works. Researchers must credit ChatGPT and similar tools whenever content generated by AI tools is used in a work.

Example: A numbered footnote or endnote might look like this:

1. Text generated by ChatGPT, March 7, 2023, OpenAI, https://chat.openai.com/chat.

ChatGPT is the author of the content, and the date is the date the text was generated. OpenAI (the organization that developed ChatGPT) is then listed as the publisher or sponsor of the content. The URL tells us where the ChatGPT tool may be found, however, readers can’t access the cited AI generated content, so that URL isn’t an essential element of the citation.

Example: If the AI tool prompt hasn’t been included in the text, it can be included in the note:

1. ChatGPT, response to “Explain how to make pizza dough from common household ingredients,” March 7, 2023, OpenAI.

If using author-date instead of notes, any information not in the text would be placed in a parenthetical text reference.
Example: “(ChatGPT, March 7, 2023).”

https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/Documentation/faq0422.html

Do not cite ChatGPT in a bibliography or reference list. 
OpenAI assigns unique URLs to conversations generated from prompts, however, they cannot be used to access that content. This makes a ChatGPT interaction similar to conversation over email, phone, text, or any other form of personal communication (see CMOS 14.214 and 15.53).

You must credit ChatGPT or any AI generated text when you reproduce its words within your own work.  That information should be put in the text or in a note, and not in a bibliography or reference list.

How do you cite images generated by DALL·E?

OpenAI is the organization responsible for DALL·E. They recommend crediting and citing images generated by DALL·E with explanations like these:

• This image was created with the assistance of DALL·E 2
• This image was generated with the assistance of AI

Always credit the source for DALL·E images, as you would for any image (see CMOS 3.29–37). 

The credit for an image might read as follows (with the prompt used to generate the image in quotation marks):

“A modern office rendered as a cubist painting,” image generated by OpenAI’s DALL·E 2, March 5, 2023.

(see “How Should I Credit DALL·E in My Work?,” accessed March 22, 2023).  https://help.openai.com/en/articles/6640875-how-should-i-credit-dall-e-in-my-work
 

Source: CMOS Online March Q & A  (Accessed March 22, 2023)

How do I cite generative AI in MLA style?

https://style.mla.org/citing-generative-ai/

MLA offers recommendations for citing generative AI, defined as a tool that “can analyze or summarize content from a huge set of information, including web pages, books and other writing available on the internet, and use that data to create original new content” (Weed). 

Researchers should:

• Cite a generative AI tool whenever you paraphrase, quote, or incorporate into your own work any content (whether text, image, data, or other) that was created by AI tools.
• Acknowledge all functional uses of the tool (like editing your prose or translating words) in a note, int the text of the paper, or another suitable location.
• Make sure to vet the secondary sources it cites (see Example 5: Citing Secondary Sources Used by an AI Tool for more details).
• Remember that the MLA template of core elements is meant to provide flexibility in creating citations. If you find a rationale to modify these recommendations in your own citations, you are encouraged you to do so. 

See full examples on the MLA page "How do I cite generative AI in MLA style?"

• Paraphrasing Text
• Quoting Text
• Citing Creative Visual Works
• Quoting Creative Textual Works
• Citing Secondary Sources Used by an AI Tool

(Updated March 17, 2023)